The Genetic History of D‑M174
Portrait of John Batchelor

Ainu People · Scholar Archive

John Batchelor (1855–1944)

Ainu Language · Folklore · Ethnography

John Batchelor produced extensive English-language records of Ainu vocabulary, grammar, religion, folklore and history. The three historical volumes preserved here offer direct access to his linguistic and ethnographic writings. Their terminology and interpretations reflect their period of publication and should be read as historical sources.

Collected Works

Three Historical Volumes