XiahaishiM22

Archaeological context of Xiahaishi M22 / 下海石M22墓葬背景

The archaeological information below is drawn from Lanzhou Honggu Xiahaishi: Excavation Report of a Neolithic Site (《兰州红古下海石——新石器时代遗址发掘报告》), compiled by the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and published by Science Press.

以下考古信息据甘肃省文物考古研究所编著、科学出版社出版的《兰州红古下海石——新石器时代遗址发掘报告》整理。

Cemetery context / 墓地概况

发掘报告记载，红古下海石遗址共清理34座墓葬，主要集中在遗址东部。除M1属于辛店文化外， 其余33座均为马家窑文化马厂类型墓葬。马厂类型墓葬多由长条形竖穴墓道与横椭圆形土洞墓室组成。 除M5和M8为仰身直肢葬外，大部分死者采用侧身屈肢葬，少数为仰身屈肢葬。M5、M22与M25属于三座大型墓葬。

The report records 34 excavated graves, concentrated in the eastern part of the site. With the exception of M1, which belongs to the Xindian culture, the other 33 graves are assigned to the Machang phase of the Majiayao culture. Most Machang graves combine a long vertical earthen passage with a transverse oval cave chamber. Apart from the extended supine burials in M5 and M8, most individuals were placed on their sides with tightly flexed limbs; a smaller number were supine and flexed. M5, M22 and M25 are classified as the three large graves.

Tomb M22 / M22墓

M22是一座方向200°的土洞室墓。墓道位于墓室南部正中，为长条形竖穴土坑：墓口距当时地表约0.8米， 墓道长2.4米、宽1–1.2米、深1米。墓室为东西向横椭圆形洞室，长径2.7米、短径2.05米、高0.7米。 墓室北壁处葬有一名约45岁的男性，采用侧身屈肢葬，头向东、面向北。墓室中部东西向排列10件陶器， 另发现残骨笄1件。

M22 is an earthen cave-chamber tomb oriented at 200°. Its long vertical-shaft passage is centred on the southern side of the chamber: the opening lay approximately 0.8 m below the surface, and the passage measured 2.4 m long, 1–1.2 m wide and 1 m deep. The chamber was transversely oval on an east–west axis, measuring 2.7 m by 2.05 m and 0.7 m high. A male aged approximately 45 was placed beside the north wall in a flexed position on his side, with his head to the east and face to the north. Ten pottery vessels were arranged east–west in the centre of the chamber, together with one fragmentary bone hairpin.